from what location did moses commission the spies to investigate the promised land?
seven. Caleb: Requite Me This Mountain (Joshua 14:vi-15)
Audio (31:43)
James J. Tissot, 'The Grapes of Canaan' (1896-1902), gouache on board, Jewish Museum, New York.
We're going to digress from the big pic of the Conquest to a personal story of conquest -- one that has been forty-v years in the making.
The main character here is Caleb, past at present an erstwhile human of 85 years. And we'll take the opportunity to look at his career of faith -- and God'due south faithfulness -- starting time at the time of the Exodus.
1 of the 12 Original Spies (Numbers thirteen-14)
The beginning time we meet Caleb, the people of Israel are encamped at Kadesh Barnea, an oasis in the Negev desert south of the Promised Land. Information technology has been simply a year or ii since they accept come out of Egypt. The people take seen many miracles in that time -- the Red Sea opening, h2o from the rock, and manna to feed a multitude. They've fought the Amalekite raiders and won. Moses has received the 10 Commandments on Mount Sinai and destroyed the golden calf. The Israelites have ratified the Covenant, built the Tabernacle, and constructed the Ark of the Covenant. The essentials of their nationhood under God every bit their Rex accept been established. It is at present time to enter the Promised Land.
At that time, Caleb is well-nigh 40 years quondam, and a recognized leader of his tribe, the tribe of Judah, largest of the twelve tribes. The Lord has given Moses this directive:
"Send some men to explore the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the Israelites. From each bequeathed tribe transport one of its leaders." (Numbers xiii:2)
And so Caleb and eleven of his peers are sent on a reconnaissance mission into Canaan. They go northward along the ridge of mountains that provide the backbone of the country, from Hebron in the s all the fashion to Rehob[49] at the northward end of the land. Perhaps they are posing as traders; nosotros don't know. Forth the way they notice advisedly what they come across: the nature of the cities and villages and their fortifications, the produce of the
land and its potential. Since they volition be dividing up the land between the twelve tribes, it is important that representatives from all the tribes be in on this initial survey of the land.
But they are peculiarly impressed with the city of Hebron, a walled city in the south, perched near at the crest of the mountain chain at about 3,000 anxiety superlative. It is an ancient urban center, congenital seven years prior to Zoan in Egypt (which places its founding at near 1700 BC). What the spies see sobers them. For in this strongly fortified city live a race of behemothic men called the descendants of Anak, the Anakites or the Anakim. (The "-im" suffix in Hebrew usually indicates the plural.)
When the spies return, they bear a huge cluster of grapes -- the fruit of the state -- on a pole between them. They talk nigh the abundance of the country, "information technology does menstruum with milk and dearest." Merely ten of the spies are conspicuously frightened past the prospect of conquest.
"The people who live there are powerful, and the cities are fortified and very big. Nosotros even saw descendants of Anak there. Nosotros seemed like grasshoppers in our own eyes, and we looked the same to them." (Numbers 13:28, 33)
The "bad written report" of the ten spies is contagious. By nightfall, their negative assessment of the danger has spread throughout the army camp, and with information technology the infectious fear of these tribal leaders. "That night all the people of the customs raised their voices and wept aloud" (Numbers 14:ane). Women were sobbing that their husbands would be killed in battle and their children left fatherless. By morning, the men were set to insubordinate, select some other leader, and render to Egypt.
Caleb's Faith
But in the midst of this fearfulness and unbelief two men stood firm in faith and promise -- Caleb and Joshua. When the x spies were sharing their tale of terror, the scripture reports,
"And so Caleb silenced the people before Moses and said, 'We should go upwardly and take possession of the land, for we can certainly do information technology." (Numbers thirteen:30)
The next twenty-four hours besides, Caleb and Joshua try to sway the gathered Israelite crowds with their faith:
"The land nosotros passed through and explored is exceedingly good. If the LORD (Yahweh) is pleased with u.s., he will lead us into that state, a country flowing with milk and honey, and will give it to united states of america. Simply do not rebel confronting the LORD. And exercise not be afraid of the people of the land, because nosotros volition eat them up. Their protection is gone, but the LORD is with u.s.. Do not exist afraid of them.'" (Numbers 14:7-9)
Notice the positive attitude. Notice the explicit mention of Yahweh in their words. The x spies don't even mention the LORD, but what they have seen that terrifies them. Joshua and Caleb have seen the same giants and the aforementioned heavily fortified cities, just they are looking through lenses of faith. They see the LORD enabling them to conquer these people.
Only that day fright prevailed. Without a people united in faith backside Moses, any enterprise would be doomed to failure. The unbelief which had spread throughout the camp resulted in disunity and rebellion -- as fear and unbelief always practice. The LORD was angry with the people and vowed that none of their generation would enter the Promised Land, but Caleb and Joshua.
This famous deed of rebellion is memorialized in Psalm 95 and afterwards quoted in Hebrews iii:7-19.
"Today, if you hear his vocalism,
do not harden your hearts as you lot did at Meribah,
every bit you lot did that twenty-four hour period at Massah in the desert,
where your fathers tested and tried me,
though they had seen what I did.
For forty years I was angry with that generation;
I said, 'They are a people whose hearts go astray,
and they have not known my ways.'
So I alleged on oath in my anger,
"They shall never enter my rest." (Psalm 95:7b-xi)
But Caleb and Joshua are different. They are the exceptions. They have organized religion, and the obedience to follow God's directions.
"But considering my servant Caleb has a different spirit and follows me wholeheartedly, I volition bring him into the state he went to, and his descendants will inherit it." (Numbers xiv:24)
We meet a similar quotation in Deuteronomy, where Moses recounts for the children of these rebels what God has said:
"... except Caleb son of Jephunneh. He volition run into it, and I will give him and his descendants the land he ready his feet on, because he followed the LORD wholeheartedly." (Deuteronomy 1:36)
Following Fully
Caleb followed the LORD "wholeheartedly" (NIV), with "consummate allegiance" (NRSV), "wholly" (ESV, KJV).[50] What a testimony! So frequently we follow the Lord mostly, or when it suits us. Only when things become tough, and we must lean on religion rather than sight, we balk. Fearfulness sets in, and we follow our fears instead of our faith.
Caleb is what Dr. Robert Schuller would have chosen a "possibility thinker," ane who sees himself walking into the future, not lonely, but leaning on the strong arm of his God. Friend, are yous post-obit God fully right at present? Are you fully obedient? If not, what in you needs to alter so y'all tin can align yourself with him?
Q1. (Numbers 14:24; Joshua 14:8) What does it hateful to follow the Lord "wholly" or "wholeheartedly"? How did Caleb and Joshua differ from the other spies? How does fear in leaders keep God'due south people from doing his will? Why was God aroused with Israel for their unwillingness to enter the Promised State?
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Was Hebron Reconquered by Caleb? (Joshua xiv)
The sequence of Caleb'south taking of Hebron in Joshua 14 is difficult for scholars to resolve completely. There are two differing points of view.
1. Detailed account. According to this view, the business relationship of the taking of Hebron and Debir in Joshua 11:22-23 "is predictable and summarized as part of the conquest of the southern coalition." Thus the account in Joshua xiv
"... is intended as a detailed development of the campaign in affiliate xi and is signaled by both accounts ending with the phrase, 'Then the state had remainder from war.' Thus this account is part of the overall conquest of the south."[51]
Co-ordinate to this view, the account of Caleb'south driving out of the Anakites (xiv:12; 15:fourteen) took place under Joshua's generalship. Joshua is given credit, though his lieutenants fought the actual battles.[52]
2. Reconquest. However, it is also possible to come across the southern campaign in Joshua xi equally the initial entrada to defeat the kings of these cities. Hebron was conquered by Joshua'due south army initially, but the inhabitants returned when the armies left, and they needed to be dislodged again past Caleb when he was gear up to accept possession.
This apparently happened to Jerusalem (which was called Jebus). The king of Jerusalem was captured and killed past Joshua (11:22-26), though some of his fleeing army were able to achieve the fortified urban center of Jerusalem (11:20). But in Joshua'south time, the Israelites were non able to have Jerusalem (xv:63; Judges 1:21); the city was occupied by David only centuries after (2 Samuel 5:6), though Jebusites yet owned holding in the metropolis after its capture (2 Samuel 24:xviii-25).
According to this view, when information technology comes to settling his family a few years afterwards, Caleb and his clan accept to reconquer the giants, who patently escaped the initial battles and lived in Philistine cities for a time (11:21-22).
Either of these two interpretations is possible, but I'chiliad more inclined to the latter, where battles by the tribal militia took place during the settlement menses to finally clear the land and cities so that the Israelite families could settle in them.
In the final assay, information technology doesn't matter greatly which way it went. Nosotros know in our own personal spiritual battles that sometimes ground that we conquered early on in our Christian lives is lost because we failed to occupy information technology fully, and must be re-won. The battle is not over until we accept fully occupied the ground. Then nosotros must keep to defend it watchfully.
Caleb's Assuming Merits (14:half dozen-15)
When we come to Joshua 14, Caleb is identified as the legendary spy-leader from the tribe of Judah 45 years previous. As Judah'south tribal spokesman, he addresses Joshua, his onetime comrade-in-artillery. Joshua knows the story, but Caleb repeats information technology again for the sake of all the others who were but children at the time.
In the passage that follows, nosotros hear "vintage Caleb," the voice of the old, organized religion-filled warrior who still believes in Yahweh's ability.
"6 Now the men of Judah approached Joshua at Gilgal, and Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite said to him, 'You know what the LORD said to Moses the human of God at Kadesh Barnea about yous and me. 7 I was forty years old when Moses the servant of the LORD sent me from Kadesh Barnea to explore the land. And I brought him back a report co-ordinate to my convictions, 8 but my brothers who went upward with me made the hearts of the people cook with fear. I, notwithstanding, followed the LORD my God wholeheartedly. ix Then on that day Moses swore[53] to me, 'The land on which your feet accept walked will exist your inheritance and that of your children forever, because you have followed the LORD my God wholeheartedly.'" (14:7-ix)
Before the land west of the Jordan is fully distributed past lot (if the chronology of these chapters is sequential), Caleb stakes his own claim, based on the promise made to him by Moses and confirmed past an oath (though we do not take a tape elsewhere of Moses' specific promise).
"Requite Me This Mount" (xiv:12)
Caleb's faith is on full brandish in verses 10-12.
"Merely equally the LORD promised, he has kept me live for forty-five years ... so here I am today, eighty-five years old!" (xiv:10a)
"I am still equally strong today every bit the day Moses sent me out; I'm just as vigorous to go out to battle now every bit I was then." (14:11)
"Now give me this hill country ("mountain," KJV)[54] that the LORD promised me that solar day." (14:12a)
"You yourself heard and then that the Anakites were there and their cities were large and fortified, but the LORD helping me, I will drive them out just as he said." (fourteen:12b)
Detect that in 3 out of the four statements in this section, Caleb mentions the name of Yahweh. "The LORD promised... The LORD promised... the LORD helping me." Here is a man who has learned to trust in the promises of God and stake his whole time to come on them. He knows what information technology is like to have the LORD assist him, and he is trusting that the LORD volition go along to exercise and then. This is exultant, powerful faith prior to the event. It sounds similar bragging, merely it is faith bragging on the power of God to keep his promises. I similar that kind of faith!
Hebron
Joshua grants Caleb'due south request.
"13 So Joshua blessed Caleb son of Jephunneh and gave him Hebron as his inheritance. fourteen Then Hebron has belonged to Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite ever since, because he followed the LORD, the God of Israel, wholeheartedly. xv (Hebron used to be chosen Kiriath Arba after Arba, who was the greatest man amidst the Anakites.) Then the country had residue from war." (14:13-fifteen)
Joshua gives Caleb Hebron as his inheritance. Manifestly, the grant involves the whole hill land surrounding Hebron, including the urban center of Debir (fifteen:13-19), also known equally Kiriath-Sepher (fifteen:15; Judges ane:11) and Kiriath Sannah (xv:49).
But why Hebron? The Hebron district, specially around the great oaks of Mamre,"[55] had been the dwelling of Abraham for many years.
"Abram moved his tents and went to live most the corking trees of Mamre at Hebron, where he built an chantry to the LORD." (Genesis xiii:18)
There he purchased the cave of Machpelah for a burial identify (Genesis 23:17).
James J. Tissot, 'Joshua Destroys the Giants' (1896-1902), gouache on lath, 8.75 x eight.25 in., The Jewish Museum, New York.
Caleb and the other spies had walked hundreds of miles up to the northernmost part of Canaan and back again. His anxiety had trod on the whole country. But of all Palestine that could have been his for the request, Caleb chooses Hebron.
I think he wanted Hebron because there were the Anakite giants that had and then terrified his boyfriend scouts 45 years previously. "We looked like grasshoppers in their eyes," they whimpered. "Bring them on," says Caleb. "They're no lucifer for the LORD!" Twoscore-five years earlier he had counseled, "Their protection is gone, but the LORD is with us" (Numbers fourteen:ix). Now he has a chance to prove information technology equally leader of "the men of Judah" (Judges 1:10). The giants stand for the enemies of Conquest, and Caleb is ready for them.
Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai (15:xiv)
"From Hebron Caleb drove out the iii Anakites -- Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai -- descendants of Anak." (Joshua 15:14)
Scripture gives their names 3 times (here; Numbers 13:22; Judges 1:ten). Why? Considering their names were well known. Giants are what legends are made of, like Goliath of Gath. You only name nifty opponents, and these giants are corking enemies -- with keen reputations to match. Simply Caleb fearlessly drives them out. Doubtless the story was told over again and again around the campfires, "Do y'all retrieve when Caleb...."
Ambition and Faith
I've sometimes wondered, where is the fine line between bald appetite and bold faith? Certainly, Caleb has cherished a forty-five-year-former ambition to defeat the Anakite giants. He has something to prove. He has a score to settle with them. Is this ambition of God? I believe and then.
Look at Moses. Moses doesn't want to lead the people out of Egypt, merely when he finally accepts this commission -- and God doesn't have "no" for an answer -- he puts all his heart and soul into the job. He personally identifies his crusade with God'southward and his ambition with God'southward. When God wonders aloud nearly destroying the unbelieving Israelites, Moses knows God's eye and soul well enough to speak boldly about God's interests..
Sometimes, the people around godly leaders misunderstand. They mistake potent leadership for pride. Fifty-fifty those closest to Moses -- Aaron and Miriam -- charge him of pride:
"Miriam and Aaron began to talk against Moses considering of his Cushite wife, for he had married a Cushite. 'Has the LORD spoken only through Moses?' they asked. 'Hasn't he as well spoken through u.s.a.?' And the LORD heard this. (At present Moses was a very humble man, more humble than anyone else on the face of the earth.)" (Numbers 12:1-iii)
Moses has internalized God'south desires so that God's desires become Moses' ambitions. Men may encounter it as pride, but God sees Moses equally a human being afterwards his own heart, one to whom God speaks "face to face.""
Caleb, also, has adult a assuming faith. When he is bragging, he is bragging on God, and exalting God, non himself. He and then identifies with God's cause that his ego is subsumed in God'due south -- much the aforementioned equally that of the Apostle Paul a millennium subsequently:
"I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer alive, but Christ lives in me. The life I live in the body, I alive by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me." (Galatians 2:20)
Of course, we need to examine our hearts to detect any cocky-exaltation we see at that place. It is certainly possible for leaders to develop an ugly, self-centered pride. Only our boldness tin and should exist in the LORD.
"'Let him who boasts boast about this:
that he understands and knows me,
that I am the LORD, who exercises kindness,
justice and righteousness on earth,
for in these I please,' declares the LORD" (Jeremiah ix:24)
Q2. (Joshua xiv:half-dozen-14) Why is Caleb boastful in verse 12? Is this a character flaw or a trait to exist emulated? Why practice you think he claimed the colina country of Hebron for his inheritance? How can a strong leader be truly humble? Why are stiff leaders oftentimes tempted towards pride?
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A Faith-Filled Son-in-Law (fifteen:15-17; Judges i:11-13)
James J. Tissot, 'Othniel' (1896-1903), gouache on lath, The Jewish Museum, New York. I used this depression-res epitome as the basis of a watercolor I painted for the volume encompass for this series, since it is such a heroic opinion.
Now nosotros move from the conquest of Hebron to the conquest of Debir, but eight miles (13 km.) southwest of Hebron. [56] Debir (also known as Kiriath Sepher and Kiriath Sannah, 15:49) was a strategically placed, walled Canaanite city-country, ruled by a king (ten:39; 12:13). Along with Hebron, this area had been occupied by the Anakites.
But for some reason, Caleb decides non to pb the assail himself. Rather, he throws out a challenge:
"xv From there he marched against the people living in Debir (formerly called Kiriath Sepher). xvi And Caleb said, 'I will requite my daughter Acsah in marriage to the human being who attacks and captures Kiriath Sepher.' 17 Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb's brother, took information technology; then Caleb gave his girl Acsah to him in union." (xv:fifteen-17)
In the West these days, fathers and mothers don't usually determine whom their daughters volition marry. Dearest is blind, and beloved reigns. Merely in Caleb'southward 24-hour interval -- and to the nowadays day in much of the East -- fathers decide whom their daughters will ally, and endeavour to find for their daughters men who volition practice good by them, and enhance the family's fortunes. How better to select a son-in-law for your daughter than to offer her in marriage to the human who leads in the set on and capture of a fortified urban center? That fashion you lot get a assuming, faith-filled son-in-law..
Othniel, son of Caleb's younger brother Kenaz (Judges i:thirteen), accepts the challenge and leads his forces to take the city. He, too, is a man of organized religion, and no doubt desires Acsah, whose name means "adult female's anklet" (and the status of being Caleb's son-in-law). Though nosotros might question marrying one'southward niece, it was non forbidden by the Mosaic Police (Leviticus 18), and was therefore allowable.
Apparently, this is the aforementioned Othniel who serves as a judge later on.
"nine Just when the people of Israel cried out to the LORD, the LORD raised up a deliverer for the people of Israel, who saved them, Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger blood brother. ten The Spirit of the LORD was upon him, and he judged Israel. He went out to war, and the LORD gave Cushan-rishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand. And his manus prevailed over Cushan-rishathaim. 11 So the land had rest forty years. And so Othniel the son of Kenaz died." (Judges 3:nine-eleven)
Q3. (Joshua 15:15-17; Judges 3:ix-11) What can nosotros deduce nearly Othniel's character from Joshua xv:15-17? Why does Caleb offering his daughter in union? How does this narrow the selection of a son-in-constabulary? What is the power behind Othniel's judgeship co-ordinate to Judges 3:10?
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A Organized religion-Filled Girl (15:17-nineteen)
Similar male parent, like daughter. Acsah seems to possess the boldness that characterizes her begetter.
"17 And Othniel the son of Kenaz, the blood brother of Caleb, captured information technology. And he gave him Acsah his daughter as wife. 18 When she came to him, she urged him to ask her father for a field. And she got off her ass, and Caleb said to her, 'What do you want?' 19 She said to him, 'Give me a blessing. Since yous have given me the state of the Negeb, give me also springs of h2o.' And he gave her the upper springs and the lower springs." (xv:17-19)
Acsah asks her husband to request a field from her father Caleb, who controls the land in the region around Debir.[57] But she doesn't wait for her request to become through channels. As soon equally she sees her father, while alighting from her donkey, Caleb tin can see that she has something on her mind (perchance Othniel has warned him that she wants the field), and so Caleb asks her, "What tin can I practice for you."
"She replied, 'Exercise me a special favor. Since you accept given me country in the Negev [desert], requite me likewise the springs of water.' So Caleb gave her the upper and lower springs." (15:19))
Negev is often used as a identify name, but means here seems to exist used generically as "desert-land,"[58] since Debir is non in what was considered the Negev proper, but in a insufficiently dry location.[59]
Barren land is worthless without water. If Acsah is going to live in Debir, she would need h2o.
So she asks for the "upper springs" and "lower springs." These must refer to water sources outside the natural territorial limits of Debir, but close enough to be transferred to its jurisdiction. The word translated "springs" is gullō ṯ, literally "basin(s)," defined by Due west. F. Albright as "subterranean pockets and basins of water under some of the wadis," to which access was gained by cutting a well shaft through the rock in the dry creek beds.[sixty]
And so she comes boldly to her male parent and asks for what she needs. Caleb grants it to her without a quarrel.
Caleb knows the LORD and the LORD'S willingness to fulfill his promises. And Acsah knows her father and doesn't hesitate to inquire for what she needs. She knows he will grant information technology. That, too, is faith. When we know our Heavenly Father, we aren't afraid to inquire for what nosotros demand, for nosotros know that he loves us and delights in approving u.s..
Acsah is a woman who will not be denied her full inheritance. So often we are too timid or afraid to boldly take what God promises united states. We see examples of similar strong women in the New Testament.
- The woman with the flow of claret presses through the crowd to get close enough to Jesus that she can affect the hem of his garment, and receives her healing -- and commendation from Jesus (Luke 8:43-48; Matthew 9:20-22; Mark five:24-34).
- The Syro-Phoenician woman presses Jesus to heal her daughter, even though she is a greenhorn and not a Jew, and receives her request with Jesus' adoration of her faith (Matthew xv:21-28; Marking 7:24-30).
- A sinful woman anoints Jesus in a Pharisee's domicile out of thankfulness and beloved, and though scorned by the Pharisee, receives balls of forgiveness and salvation from Jesus (Luke 7:36-fifty).
- Mary of Bethany, motivated by love, anoints Jesus with extravagantly expensive perfume, though the disciples rebuke her for it. Jesus promises that her story will be retold wherever the gospel is preached (John 12:1-eight; Matthew 26:6-13; Marking 14:3-9).
- The persistent widow is featured in 1 of Jesus' parables where she won't quit pestering an unjust judge until he gives her justice (Luke 18:1-5).
Q4. (Joshua 15:17-19) What exercise we learn virtually Acsah's character from this passage? Proper noun some examples of strong women of faith in the Bible. Proper name some strong women of faith you lot have known personally.
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A Faith-Filled Heritage
We, too, like Caleb, Othniel, and Acsah, are part of a faith-filled family of God'southward people throughout the ages. Exemplars of religion are institute on the pages of the Bible -- also as in the lives of mature men and women in our churches. For our children and for generations to follow, you lot and I are the exemplars of faith. Nosotros are the ones who need to take hold of God with a tenacious boldness and not let become, that we might enhance up children in the faith after us.
"Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with and so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before united states, looking unto Jesus the writer and finisher of our faith...." (Hebrews 12:ane-2a, KJV))
Lessons for Disciples
Caleb'south story offers a number of lessons of faith nosotros can acquire.
- God honors those who follow wholly or wholeheartedly. Disciples must non simply meet the realities of our world, but fearlessly obey the Lord, even though the obstacles are great (Numbers 14;24; 14:viii).
- Nosotros demand to have a long-term view of waiting on God to fulfill his promises. Then, when the time is right, move boldly forward.
- Disciples boast in the Lord, though they must exist careful to be apprehensive before the Lord.
- One style of discerning leadership in others is to identify before them a claiming and run into who rises to the challenge (Joshua fifteen:15-17; Judges 3:nine-11).
- There is a long tradition of stiff women of God (and men) who are non content to allow life happen to them, only who press in to receive God's promise (Joshua 15:17-19). We should seek to follow in their steps.
Prayer
Lord, thank you for men and women of faith who held on until they received the hope. Forgive us for our "petty organized religion." But we inquire yous to requite us the kind of tenacious religion and patience, that we too might be known equally believers in the Living God like Caleb. In Jesus' name, we pray. Amen.
Central Verses
"I ... followed the LORD my God wholeheartedly. So on that 24-hour interval Moses swore to me, 'The land on which your feet accept walked will be your inheritance and that of your children forever, because you have followed the LORD my God wholeheartedly.'" (Joshua 14:8-9, NIV)
"Here I am today, eighty-five years old! I am still as strong today as the day Moses sent me out; I'm merely equally vigorous to get out to battle now as I was then. Now give me this colina country that the LORD promised me that day. Y'all yourself heard and then that the Anakites were there and their cities were big and fortified, just, the LORD helping me, I will drive them out just as he said." (Joshua 14:10b-12, NIV)
"Caleb said, 'I will requite my girl Acsah in marriage to the man who attacks and captures Kiriath Sepher.' Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb's blood brother, took it; so Caleb gave his daughter Acsah to him in marriage." (Joshua xv:sixteen-17, NIV)
"[Acsah] replied, 'Practise me a special favor. Since you accept given me land in the Negev, give me too springs of water.' So Caleb gave her the upper and lower springs." (Joshua 15:nineteen, NIV)
Endnotes
[49] Rehob is a city "near the entrance of Hamath" (Numbers xiii:21), probably the same as Beth-Rehob (2 Samuel 8:three; 10:six, eight; Judges 18:28). This was probably located at the southern pes of Mt. Hermon (A.A. Anderson, ii Samuel [Discussion Biblical Commentary; Word, 1989], p. 132), near Dan, probably the present-solar day Lebweh on the Orontes River beneath Riblah (Timothy R. Ashley, The Book of Numbers [The New International Commentary on the Erstwhile Testament; Eerdmans, p. 237).
[50] "Wholeheartedly" (NIV), with "complete fidelity" (NRSV), "wholly" (ESV, KJV) is Hebrew mâlê ʾ, "to be full." In the Piel stem it has the meaning "remain loyal to" (Holladay, 195).
[51] Hess, Joshua (Tyndale), pp. 240-41.
[52] Woudstra, p. 197, footnote 14, considers this a possibility, though he sees a reconquering of Hebron.
[53] "Swore" is the Niphal stem of shābaʿ, "pledge" (Holladay, p. 359, 3). The verb is closely related to the Hebrew word for "seven."
[54] "Hill land" (NIV, NRSV, ESV), "mountain" (KJV) is har, which ways in the singular (as here), "mountains, mountain range" (Holladay, p. 83).
[55] "Trees" (NIV), "oaks" (NRSV, ESV), "patently" (KJV) is the plural of ʾēlôn, "great tree, tree of God." The noun is derived from ʾel/ohim, "God." (Holladay, pp. 16-17).
[56] Biblical Debir is probably to exist identified with the nowadays village of Khirbet Rabûd (A.F. Rainey, "Debir," ISBE 1:903-904).
[57] The Septuagint, on the opposite, indicates that Othniel asked Acsah to enquire her father.
[58] "Negev" (NIV), "Negeb" (NRSV, ESV), "a s land" (KJV) is n egeb, "south," so "desert-land" of the Negeb, in the south of Canaan (Holladay, p. 225).
[59] William S. La Sor, "Kiriath-sepher," ISBE three:42.
[60] Woudstra, Joshua, p. 242.
Copyright © 2022, Ralph F. Wilson. <pastor
Source: http://www.jesuswalk.com/joshua/7_caleb.htm
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